Calculation method of bulk freight

The calculation of freight has a very important relationship with traders. For example, if a transaction is executed at the CIF or C&F price, how much freight is and what proportion in the price composition is of great importance to the exporter’s cost accounting. Even if the FOB price is used for the transaction, it is very important to grasp the ocean freight data for calculating the difference between various price terms and to do a good job of price comparison.

The freight is calculated according to the freight rate specified by the liner company. At present, the format of the tariff tables formulated by the shipping companies of various countries is not exactly the same, but the basic content is relatively close.

The price list of shipping companies is generally divided into several levels according to the different types and properties of commodities, and the difficulty of loading and storage. In the same route, due to different grades of goods, the basic rates charged by shipping companies are different. Therefore, the grade of the product has a lot to do with the freight.

Secondly, the calculation standards for freight are not the same. For example, heavy goods are generally charged according to weight ton, and light goods are charged according to size ton. Some high-value goods are charged according to a certain percentage of FOB value, and some goods Calculate and collect according to a mixed method, for example, first calculate and collect according to weight tons or size tons, and then add some ad valorem freight. The performance in the freight rate table is:

1. Calculated by weight ton, called weight ton, "W" is listed in the table, and each metric ton or long ton is the unit of calculation.

2. Calculated and collected according to the volume of the cargo, called the size ton, and "M" is listed in the table. Generally, 1 cubic meter or 40 cubic feet is one size ton as the calculation unit.

3. Calculate according to volume or weight, selected by the shipowner, listed as "W/M" in the table.

4. Calculated and collected according to a certain percentage of the FOB value of the goods, called ad valorem (Ad Valorem), listed as Ad Val or A.V. in the table.

Fives. Charged according to mixed standards, such as W/M plus AV, etc. That is, according to weight tons or size tons plus ad valorem freight.

In addition, there are some commodities that are charged per unit or per head, the former such as vehicles, and the latter such as live animals. For bulk commodities, such as grain, ore, coal, etc., due to the large transportation volume, low prices, easy loading and unloading, etc., shipping companies can separately negotiate freight rates with the cargo owners in order to obtain supply.

Calculating freight based on the freight rate table is a relatively complicated task. Not only needs to be familiar with the basic content of the freight rate table, but also requires careful work. Rate) Calculate the basic freight, and then find out the items of various surcharges, and calculate the surcharges that need to be paid one by one.

These additional cost items are many. For example, due to different commodities, different ports, or other reasons, there may be additional fees, and it is necessary to keep abreast of its changes. The surcharges are roughly as follows:

1. Additional fees due to different product characteristics, such as overweight surcharge, overlength surcharge, cabin washing fee, etc.

2. Surcharges increased due to different circumstances of the port, such as port surcharge, port congestion fee, port selection fee, direct flight surcharge, etc.

3. Surcharges temporarily increased due to other reasons, such as fuel surcharges, depreciation surcharges, etc.

In fact, there are many names of surcharges, far more than those mentioned above. It is worth noting that some surcharges, such as port congestion charges, account for a large proportion of freight. Compared with the basic freight, they can be as little as 10%, as high as 100%, or even more than twice. Therefore, when calculating freight, the calculation of surcharges cannot be ignored.

Here is an example. A certain ship shipped 10 tons of egg products totaling 11.3 cubic meters from Shanghai to the Port of Plymouth in the United Kingdom, requiring a direct flight. What is the total freight? Solution: After checking the cargo classification table, we can see that egg products are grade 10 and the calculation standard is W/M; the basic rate for grade 10 cargo in the China-Europe Mediterranean route grade rate table is 116 yuan/ton; The rate table shows that the surcharge for direct flights to Plymouth Port is RMB 18 per ton; the fuel surcharge is 35%. Therefore, the total freight is: F=(116＋116X35％＋18) X11=1920.60 yuan In this example, 10 tons of egg products have been checked on the cargo classification table, and the calculation standard is W/M, and the larger one is used as the calculation standard. 11 size tons.